| Age | Skill Domain | Sample Tasks |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Enjoyment of rhymes | “Hickory Dickory Dock, The mouse ran up the clock.” |
| Interested in books; knows to read/turn page from front to back & learns left-right progression of print |
Joint book reading with adult and child | |
| 5 | Rhyme recognition, odd word out | “Which two words rhyme: stair, hat, chair?” “Which word rhymes with stair; hat or chair?” |
| Producing a rhyme | “Tell me a word that rhymes with car.” (star) | |
| Clapping, counting syllables | truck (1 syllable) airplane (2 syllables) boat (1 syllable) caterpillar (4 syllables) |
|
| Blending syllables (onset and rime) | “What word?” th-umb qu-een h-ope |
|
| Matching beginning sounds & isolating a sound (identifying whether a given sound occurs at the beginning, middle or end of a word) | “In the word sun, is the /s/ at the beginning, middle or end of the word?” | |
| 6 | Alliteration (identifies the beginning or end sound in a word) | “Which word begins with /t/; toad or boat?” “Which word ends with /b/; dog or tub?” “What’s the sound at the start of cat?” /k/ “What’s the sound at the end of cat?” /t/ |
| List words that start with the same sound | “What words start with /p/?” pet, pin,… | |
| Delete syllables from words | “Say market. Say it again, but don’t say mar.“ | |
| Blending of two and three sounds to make a word | z – oo (zoo) sh – o – p (shop) h – ou – s (house) |
|
| Segmentation of sounds in words that have simple syllables with two or three sounds (no words with consonant clusters, i.e. ‘star’,flag) | “Tell me the sounds in this word.” or “Say the word as you move a block for each sound” u – p m – a – n l – e – g |
Ages at which 80-90 percent of typical students have achieved a phonological skill
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